Pediatrics
Kirsten H. Ohler,
Pharm.D., BCPS, BCPPS
University of Illinois
Hospital & Health Sciences System Chicago, Illinois
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the most common pathogens associated with neonatal and
pediatric sepsis and meningitis.
2. D escribe current therapeutic options for the management of
neonatal and pediatric sepsis and meningitis.
3. I dentify the drugs available for preventing and treating
respiratory syncytial virus.
4. D escribe the most common causative organisms of otitis media
and potential treatment options.
5. I dentify the recommended pediatric immunization schedule and
barriers to routine immunization.
6. Discuss the differences in anticonvulsant pharma-cokinetics and
adverse effects between children and adults.
7. Describe the current drug therapy for treatingpatients with
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Self-Assessment Questions
Answers and explanations to these questions can be found at the end of
this chapter.
1. A 15-year-old boy with a history of exercise-in-duced asthma
presents with fever, tachypnea, headache, and myalgia. Which is most likely to
be isolated from this patient?
A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C. Group B Streptococcus.
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
2. W hich is the best assessment of the risk of severe RSV
infection and subsequent need for prophylaxis in a 3-month-old girl born at 30
weeks’ gestation?
A. T his patient should receive prophylaxis if she is 6 months or
younger at the beginning of RSV season.
B. This patient is at risk only if she has chronic lung disease
(i.e., necessitating more than 21% oxygen for at least the first 28 days of
life).
C. All neonates born during RSV season should receive prophylaxis.
D. T his patient should receive prophylaxis only if she has
additional risk factors such as day care attendance or school-aged siblings.
3. W hich is the most accurate statement about prophylaxis of
bacterial meningitis?
A. C lose contacts of patients with pneumococcal meningitis should
receive prophylaxis.
B. C lose contacts of patients with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis need prophylaxis only if their
immunizations are not up to date.
C. Rifampin is a first-line agent for prophylaxis against
meningococcal meningitis.
D. Prophylaxis against bacterial meningitis is no longer
recommended regardless of the causative organism.
4. A 6-month-old baby who was born at 24 weeks’ gestation is
brought to the clinic in October for a routine checkup and immunizations. Which
is the best recommendation to make for this patient’s immunization schedule?
A. O nly two of the five immunizations due should be given at the
same time; schedule another appointment for the next week to administer the
rest.
B. O ral polio vaccine should be used to reduce the number of
injections needed to complete the schedule.
Vaccines should be based on his corrected ges-tational age rather than
on his
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